Flowers face desiccating conditions, yet little is known about their ability to transport water. We quantified variability in floral hydraulic conductance (Kflower) for 20 species from 10 families and related it to traits hypothesized to be …
Flowers have long been considered one of the hallmarks of angiosperm evolution. They are morphologically complex structures that both promote efficient pollination and protect the developing embryo. When it was championed in 1793 by Christian Konrad …
Early angiosperm evolution, beginning approximately 140 million years ago, saw many innovations that enabled ow- ering plants to alter ecosystems globally. These included the development of novel, ower-based pollinator attrac- tion mechanisms and …