costs of reproduction

Ramification has little impact on shoot hydraulic efficiency in the sexually dimorphic genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae)

Despite the diversity of branching architectures in plants, the impact of this morphological variation on hydraulic efficiency has been poorly studied. Branch junctions are commonly thought to be points of high hydraulic resistance, but adjustments …

A physiological approach to the ecology and evolution of flowers

Flowers have long been considered one of the hallmarks of angiosperm evolution. They are morphologically complex structures that both promote efficient pollination and protect the developing embryo. When it was championed in 1793 by Christian Konrad …

Uncorrelated evolution of leaf and petal venation patterns across the angiosperm phylogeny

Early angiosperm evolution, beginning approximately 140 million years ago, saw many innovations that enabled ow- ering plants to alter ecosystems globally. These included the development of novel, ower-based pollinator attrac- tion mechanisms and …

Determining the water dynamics of flowering using miniature sap flow sensors

Angiosperms dominate almost every ecosystem globally, and for the vast majority, flowering is vital to successful reproduction, yet little work has characterized the dynamics of water use during flowering and its impacts on the reproductive biology …